Rick Lawrence is the author and co-author of over 150 technical papers, including 2 patents, on biohydrometallurgy, metal precipitation, mine waste management, acid rock drainage, water treatment and the processing of refractory gold ores.

Lawrence R.W.  The current state of biological/genomics applications in the metal mining sector.  Invited keynote speaker to open the Canadian Energy and Mining Sector Workshop: Canadian Strengths in Genomics Address Sector and Environmental Challenges.  Genome Alberta and Ontario Genomics Institute, Toronto, March 7-8, 2013.

Lawrence, R.W.  and López, O.  Improving the economics of gold-copper ore projects using SART technology.  Proc. World Gold 2011 - 3rd International Conference.  Conference of Metallurgists of CIM, Montreal, Canada, October 2011.

Lawrence, R.W. and López, O.  Technology and commercial applications of sulphide precipitation of metals from mining waste water. VIII Simposio Internacional de Mineralurgia, TECSUP, Lima, Peru, August 25-27, 2010.

Lawrence, R.W.  What the exploration geologist needs to know about metallurgy - an environmental viewpoint.  Invited presentation at the Mining Exploration Geologists Workshop, Vancouver, BC, December 10, 2009.

Bratty, M., Lawrence, R.W, López C., O.  Enhancing the economics of gold-copper ore processing using biogenic sulphide for sulphide recycle and copper recovery.  HydroCopper 2009, Antofagasta, Chile, May 13-15, 2009.

Kratochvil,D., Marchant, P.B.,Bratty, M., Lawrence, R.W. Innovations in ion-exchange technology for removal of sulphate.  International Water Conference, San Antonio, Texas, October 2008

Bratty, M.,  Lawrence, R.W., Kratochvil, D,  Reducing water treatment costs while meeting the challenge of environmental compliance for the mining industry.  WIM 2008, Water Management in the Mining Industry, Santiago, Chile, July 9-11, 2008.

Lawrence, R.W. Commercial water treatment experience in metal and sulphate removal from acidic drainage – Canadian case studies. MEND Manitoba Workshop, Winnipeg, June 4-5, 2008. Invited presentation to the Conference Board of Canada, Vancouver, May 15, 2008.

Adams, M, Philippe, R., Lawrence, R.W.  El uso de sulfuro biogénico para la regeneración de cianuro y la recuperación de cobre en el procesamiento de mineral de oro-cobre.  HydroProcess 2008, Second International Workshop on Process Hydrometallurgy, Santiago, Chile, May 14-16, 2008.

Lawrence, R.W.  Waste water treatment technology for metal recovery and environmental control. Invited presentation at the Science and Technology Workshop, 10th Anniversary of the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement, Santiago, Chile, October 9-10, 2007.

Lawrence, R.W.  BioteQ technology and project updates.  South Central Branch of CIM District 6, Annual Meeting, Kamloops, BC.  September 13-15, 2007.

Adams, M. and Lawrence, R.W.  Biogenic sulphide for cyanide recycle and gold recovery in gold-copper ore processing.  Proc. Precious Metals '07, Brisbane, Australia, August 30-31, 2007.

Lawrence, R.W., Marchant, P.B., Bratty, M., Kratochvil, D.  Applications for biogenic sulphide reagent for copper recovery in copper and gold hydrometallurgical operations.  Proc. Cu2007, the 6th Copper/Cobre Conference, August 25-30, 2007, Toronto, Canada

Lawrence, R.W. and Kratochvil, D.  Biological treatment of acid mine drainage with concurrent metal recovery.  52nd Annual Meeting of Mineral Processing Division of Colorado, SME, Colorado Springs, April 11-13, 2002

Dijkman, H., Boonstra, J., Lawrence, R.W., Buisman, C.J.N.  Optimization of metallurgical processes using high rate biotechnology. TMS 2002, 131st Meeting of TMS of AIME, Seattle, Washington, February 17-21, 2002.

Lawrence, R.W. Technology reduces sulphur compounds - new way to treat acid mine drainage.  Canadian Mining Journal, 123 (7), 2002.

Frostad, S, Klein, B and Lawrence, R.W, Evaluation of laboratory kinetic test methods for measuring rates of weathering.  Mine Water and the Environment 21 (2002) 4, 183-192.

Lawrence, R.W. and Marchant, P.B.  Water treatment for profit in the mining industry.  BC and Yukon Branch of Canadian Mineral Processors Annual Meeting, Vancouver, November 30, 2001.

Lawrence, R.W., Marchant, P.B. and Kratochvil, D.  The BioSulphide Process: Sulphate and metal removal to produce saleable products.  Randol Conference, Tucson, Arizona, October 2000.

Frostad, S., Klein, B, Lawrence R.W.  Kinetic Testing 1. Effects of protocol variables on rates of weathering. Proc. International Conference on Acid Mine Drainage (ICARD 2000), Denver Colorado, May 2000.

Frostad, S., Klein, B, Lawrence R.W.  Kinetic Testing 2.  Scaling up laboratory data to predict field rates of weathering. Proc. International Conference on Acid Mine Drainage (ICARD 2000), Denver Colorado, May 2000.

Bertrand, V.J., Monroy, M.G. Lawrence, R.W.  Weathering characteristics of cemented paste backfill:  mineralogy and solid phase chemistry.  Proc. International Conference on Acid Mine Drainage (ICARD 2000), Denver Colorado, May 2000.

Frostad, S., Klein, B., and Lawrence, R.W.  Prediction of acid rock drainage – Red Mountain Project, Northwestern British Columbia. BC Mine Reclamation Symposium, March, 2000.

Lawrence, R.W. and Higgs, T.W. Removing and stabilizing arsenic in acid mine water.  J. Metals, September 1999, 27-29.

Lawrence, R.W., Higgs, T.W. and Bratty, M. Treatment of acid mine waters and industrial effluents.  Proc. XXIV Convención de Ingenieros de Minas del Perú , Arequipa, September 6-10, 1999.

Bertrand, V.J., Monroy M.G., Lawrence R.W.  Characteristics of weathered cemented paste backfill: leachate and solid phase chemistry.  Submitted for publication in Cement and Concrete Research, 1999.

Naranjo, G., Rivera, M., Lawrence, R.W.  Desarrollo de programa para la predicción de drenaje acido de roca adecuados a la minería Peruana. Proc. XXIV Convención de Ingenieros de Minas del Perú , Arequipa, September 6-10, 1999

Soregaroli B. and Lawrence, R.W.  Update on waste characterization studies. Conference on Mine Design, Operations and Closure, Polson, Montana, April 19-232, 1998

Lawrence, R.W. and Poulin, R.  Economic potential of bioprocessing in mining.  Invited paper for special session at 30th Annual Mineral Processors Operators Conference, Ottawa, Ontario, January 20-22, 1998.

Lawrence, R.W., Poulin, R., Kalin, M. and Béchard, G.  The potential of biotechnology in the mining industry.  Min. Pro. Ext. Met. Rev., Vol 19 (1-4), 5-23, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1998.

Lawrence, R.W. Biotechnology in the mining industry.  Presented at 7th Conference on Biotechnology and Bioprocessing, Mazatlán, Mexico, September 1997. In:  Advances in Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, O.T. Ramirez (ed), Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1998.

Lawrence, R.W. and Scheske, M.  A method to calculate the neutralization potential of mining wastes. Environmental Geology, 32 (2), 100-106, 1997.

Lawrence, R.W., Poulin, R. Bechard, G. and Kalin, M. The potential of biotechnology in the mining and minerals industries. Accepted for Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, January 1997.

Lawrence, R.W.  Mining environment: Mine of the year 2020.  Special Session of the Annual Meeting of CIM, Vancouver, May 1997.

Lawrence, R.W. and Wang, Y.  Determination of neutralization potential in the prediction of acid rock drainage.  Proc. 4th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, Vancouver, B.C., May 30 - June 6, 1997.

Soregaroli, B.A. and Lawrence, R.W.  Waste rock characterization at Dublin Gulch : a case study. Proc. 4th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, Vancouver, B.C., May 30 - June 6, 1997.

Ghomshei, M., Holmes, A., Denholm, E., Lawrence, R.W. and Carriou, T.  Acid rock drainage from the Samatosun waste dump, British Columbia. Proc. 4th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, Vancouver, B.C., May 30 - June 6, 1997.

Lawrence, R.W.  The future of biohydrometallurgy in the mining industry.  Invited presentation to open Symposium on Biooxidation Technology and Applications at the National Mining Association’s MineExpo International 96, Las Vegas, September 9-12, 1996.

Lawrence, R.W., Poulin, R. Bechard, G. and Kalin. M.  The potential of biotechnology in the mining and minerals industries. Proc. 3rd Intl. Conference on Minerals Bioprocessing and Biorecovery/Bioremediation, Engineering Foundation, Big Sky, Montana, 25-30 August, 1996.

Poulin, R. and Lawrence, R.W.  Biotechnology in the Canadian mining industry.  Paper 54.1, 35th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM, Montreal, August 25-29, 1996.

Poulin, R. and Lawrence, R.W.   Economic and environmental niches of biohydrometallurgy.  Minerals Engineering, 9 (8), 799-810 (1996).

Lawrence, R.W. and Poulin, R.  Biooxidation of copper sulfides.  Proc. EPD Congress 1996. ed. G.W. Warren,  The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, February 5-8, 1996, 893-906.

Lawrence, R.W.  Developments in the measurement of neutralization potential of mine wastes.  Presented at 4th B.C. ARD Symposium, Vancouver, November, 1996.

Lawrence, R.W. and Poulin, R.  Control of mining effluents using biotechnology.  In: Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production. Ed. R. Ciccu.  Proc. 4th International Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production, Cagliari, Italy, October 7-11, 1996,  461-468.

Poulin, R. and Lawrence, R.W.  Management of mine waste and uncertainty. In: Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production. Ed. R. Ciccu.  Proc. 4th International Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production, Cagliari, Italy, October 7-11, 1996,  515-522.

Lawrence, R.W.  The management of acid rock drainage in the mining industry.  Invited paper at VIII Encuentro Sobre Procesamiento de Minerales, Instituto de Metalurgia de la Universidad Autonomá de San Luis Potosí, México, 6-9 August, 1996.

Poulin, R., Hadjigeorgiou, J. and Lawrence, R.W.  The use of layered co-mingled mine tailings and waste rock to mitigate the generation of acid rock drainage. Trans. IMM, Section A, 105, 55-62, 1996

Lawrence, R.W.  Biotecnología, medio ambiente y minería. Presented at I Curso de Mineria, Biotecnologia y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, November 27-28, 1995.

Lawrence, R.W.   La minería y el medio ambiente.  Presented at El Instituto de Estudios Ambientales,  Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima, November 24, 1995.

Lawrence, R.W.  Acid rock drainage research at the University of British Columbia.  3rd B.C. ARD Symposium, Vancouver, November, 1995.

Lawrence, R.W.  A review of acid rock drainage prediction.  Invited presentation at Mine Reclamation Workshop, Annual Meeting of Canadian Mineral Analysts, Kelowna, B.C., September 11-13 (1995).

Lawrence, R.W. and Sherlock, E.J.  Databases for acid rock drainage prediction and monitoring.  Proc. 3rd Canadian Conf. Computer Applications in the Mineral Industry, Montreal, October 22-25, 825-833, 1995.

Edwards, D.A. and Lawrence, R.W.  Hydrogeological site characterization in an acid rock drainage management program.  In: Reclamation in Extreme Environments.  Proc. BC Mine Reclamation Symposium, Dawson Creek, June 19-23, 1995.

Sherlock, E., Lawrence, R.W. and Poulin, R.  On the neutralization of acid rock drainage by carbonate and silicate minerals. Environmental Geology, 25 (1), 43-54, 1995.

Lawrence, R.W.  Biotecnología, medio ambiente y minería. Presented at I Curso de Mineria, Biotecnologia y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, November 27-28, 1995.

Lawrence, R.W. and Poulin, R.  The demand for biotechnology in mining in the 21st century.  In: Biohydrometallurgical Processing, Volume 1, eds.  T. Vargas, C.A. Jerez, J.V. Wieretz and H. Toledo, Proc. of  International Biohydrometallurgy Symposium, Viña del Mar, Chile, Nov 19-22, 1995, 185-195.

Lawrence, R.W. and Poulin, R.  Evaluation of the Potential for Biotechnology in the Canadian Mining Industry.  Report to Industry Science and Technology, Contract No. HQ667HMB-4-0707 and to Natural Resources Canada, Contract No. 23440 -4-1163/01-SQ., May, 1995.

Lawrence, R.W., Sherlock, E.J., Wang, Y.  Critical review of acid rock drainage prediction procedures.  Presented at the Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Seattle, October 22-27, 1994.

Sherlock, E.J., Lawrence, R.W. and Poulin, R.  The role of carbonate and silicate minerals in acid neutralization.  Presented at the CIM District 6 Annual Meeting, Vancouver,  B.C., October 12-14, 1994

Masala, C.,  Lawrence, R.W.,  Hall, A.E., Mchaina, D.M.,  The significance of hydrological studies for a tailings management system.  Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf. Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production.  Perth, Australia, August 29-September 1, 1994.

Masala, C.,  Lawrence, R.W.,  Hall, A.E.,and Mchaina, D.,  Use of mass removal efficiency to evaluate tailings management system performance.  International Journal of Environmental Issues in the Mineral and Energy Industry, 137-141 (1994).

Lawrence, R.W.,  Acid rock drainage - fundamentals and prediction.  Presented at a special session of the Canadian Mineral Processors Annual Conference, Ottawa, January 18-20, 1994.

Lawrence, R.W. ,  Biooxidation for the treatment of refractory gold ores and concentrates - a Canadian perspective. CIM Bulletin, 87 (985), 58-65, 1994.

Lawrence, R.W.,  The future role of biotechnology in the extraction of metals.  Invited speaker at the World Economic Forum Industry Summit, Stanford University, September 1994.

Lawrence, R.W.,  The treatment of refractory gold ores and concentrates by biooxidation - an acceptable alternative?  Proc. 24th Annual Conference of Metallurgists, Impurity Control in Hydrometallurgical Processes, Toronto, August 22-24, 1994.

Lawrence, R.W. and Harries, L.M.,  Acid rock drainage databases at the University of British Columbia.  Presented at 2nd Annual British Columbia Acid Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium, Vancouver, November 16-17, 1993.

Lapakko, K. and Lawrence, R.W., Modification of the Net Acid Production (NAP) Test.  Proc. BC Mine Reclamation Symposium, Port Hardy, B.C., 145-159, May, 1993.

Lawrence, R.W.,  Acid Rock Drainage - The Challenge.  Invited as Distinguished Lecturer of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy to give paper at CIM Branches in Val D'Or, Campbell River, Quebec City, Chicoutimi, Calgary and Whitehorse, 1993-94.

Lawrence, R.W.,  The challenge of environmental education in today's minerals industry.  Presented to Vancouver Branch of CIM, March 26, 1993.

Lawrence, R.W.,  The application of stirred-tank bioleaching for the enhancement of gold recovery from refractory ores and concentrates  Keynote Paper, Proc. 10th Annual Meeting of BIOMINET, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology, October 28, 1993.

Chapman. J.T., Marchant, P.B., Lawrence, R.W., and Knopp, R.,  Biooxidation of a high-arsenic sulphide concentrate: a pilot study.  FEMS Microbiology Reviews 11, 243-252 (1993).

Marchant, P.B., Lawrence, R.W., Warkentin, D., Elson, P.A. and Rowley, M.V.  An integrated approach to biohydrometallurgical metal extraction, recovery and waste treatment. IX International Biotechnology Symposium, Amer. Chem. Soc., Crystal City, Virginia, Aug. 1992.

Lawrence, R.W. ,  Refractory gold bio-processing.  Presented at Symposium on Bioleaching Minerals and Workshop on Reclamation of Mineral Lands. Sacramento, California, October 26-29, 1992.

Lawrence, R.W.,  Interpretation of laboratory data for the prediction of long term weathering behaviour of mining wastes,  Environmental Management for the 1990's.  Presented at Society of Mining Engineers, AIME Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, February 25-28, 1991.

Chapman, J.T., Marchant, P.B., Lawrence, R.W., and Knopp, R.,  Mobile Bioleach Pilot Plant Operation -Continuous Biooxidation of a Refractory Gold-Bearing High Arsenic Flotation Concentrate.  Presented at 9th International Symposium on Biohydrometallurgy, Troia, Portugal, September 9-13 (1991).

Lawrence, R.W., Marchant. P.B., Chapman, J.T., Knopp, R.,  Biooxidation of a gold bearing high arsenic sulphide concentrate: a pilot study,  Presented at B.C. and Yukon Annual Mineral Processors Meeting, November 29 (1991).

Lawrence, R.W.,  Biohydrometallurgical treatment of sulphide minerals - a review.  Invited speaker at Symposium on Biohydrometallurgy in the Swedish Mining Industry, Tekniska Högskolan i Luleå, Sweden, 21 March (1991).

Lawrence, R.W.,  Predicting the impact of the disposal of mining and processing wastes.   Proc. 4th Western Regional Conference on Precious Metals and the Environment, Lead, S. Dakota, Sept 19-22, 1-12, 1990.

Lawrence, R.W.,  Prediction of the behaviour of mining and processing wastes in the environment, In: Proc. Western Regional Symp. on Mining and Mineral Processing Wastes, Berkeley, California, May 30 -June 1 (1990).

Chapters in Books

Lawrence, R.W. Biotechnology in the Mining Industry: Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Processes for Metal Extraction.  In:  Advances in Bioprocess Engineering,Vol. 2, E. Galindo and  O.T. Ramirez (eds), Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1998.

Lawrence, R.W.  Biotreatment of gold ores. In: Mineral Microbial Recovery. H.L. Ehrlich and C.L. Brierley (eds.), McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990, 127-148.

Books Edited

Lawrence, R.W., Branion, R.M.R. and Ebner, H.G. (eds), Fundamental and Applied Biohydrometallurgy, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (1986)

Published Reports

Lawrence, R.W. and Wang, Y.  Critical Evaluation of Static Test Procedures for Acid Rock Drainage Prediction.  Report to Environment Canada and Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting, MEND Project 1.16.3, July 31, 1996.

Lawrence, R.W. and Poulin, R. Evaluation of the Potential for Biotechnology in the Canadian Mining Industry.  Report to Industry Science and Technology, Contract No. HQ667HMB-4-0707 and to Natural Resources Canada, Contract No. 23440 -4-1163/01-SQ., May, 1995.

Lawrence, R.W. and Harries, L.M.  DBARD for Paradox:  Developments in DBARD - the Database for Acid Rock Drainage.  MEND Report Project 1.12.1b,  March 31, 1995.

Lawrence, R.W., Poulin, R. and Poling, G.W.  The Role of Biotechnology in the Canadian Mining Industry.  Report to Industry Canada, Contract No. HQ667HMB-4-0707, October, 1994.

Lawrence, R.W. Database for ARD Research and Monitoring On Waste Rock Dumps.  Report to MEND on DSS Contract No. 23440-3-9011/01-SQ,  MEND Project No. 1.41.2, April, 1994

Lawrence, R.W.  DBARD, The Database for Acid Rock Drainage,  MEND Project No. 1.12.1a and BC AMD Task Force Project No. 1.20, January, 1994.

Lawrence, R.W. Acid Rock Drainage Prediction Manual. A manual of chemical evaluation procedures for the prediction of acid generation from mine waste.  Report for Energy Mines and Resources Canada under CANMET Contract No. 23440-9-9149/01-SQ., MEND Project No. 1.16.2,  1990.

Lawrence, R.W., Marchant, P.B. and Poling, G.W., Investigation of prediction techniques for acid mine drainage. CANMET Contract No. 23440-7-9178/01-SQ, Energy Mines and Resources Canada, MEND Project  No. 1.16.1, 1989.

Lawrence, R.W. and Marchant, P.B., The development of thermophilic biohydrometallurgy to enhance precious metal extraction from refractory sulphide mineral hosts.  Report to Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, DSS Contract No. 23440-6-9159/01-SQ, 1987.

Lawrence, R.W. and Vizsolyi, A., The biology and chemistry involved in a silver catalyzed bioleaching process.  CANMET Report MON 843871, Energy, Mines and Resources, Canada, March, 1984.

Lawrence, R.W., Caughlin, B. and Bruynesteyn, A.  Natural leaching characteristics of uranium waste materials. Report to Science Council of British Columbia, Burnaby, B.C., 1982.

Patents

Bruynesteyn, A., Lawrence, R.W., Hackl, R.P. and Vizsolyi, A.  "Biological acid leach process."  U.S. Patent No. 4571387, Feb. 18, 1986.

Bratty, M., Lawrence, R.W. and Kratochvil, D.  “Nickel sulfide precipitation process”.  U.S. Patent No. 874767, June 10, 2014.

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Lawrence, R.W.  Microbial sulphur reduction for the treatment of mining wastewaters.  Presented at Environmental Microbiology: Microbes Metals and Mining. Society of Industrial Microbiologists Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, July 29 - August 1, 2007.

Lawrence, R.W., Philippe, R., Fleming, C.A.  Sulphide and ion exchange technologies for metal recovery and water treatment in the copper mining industry.  To be presented at HydroCopper 07, Viña del Mar, Chile, May 14-16, 2007.

Lawrence, R.W. and Fleming, C.A.  Developments and new applications for biogenic sulphide reagent in hydrometallurgy and mineral processing.  39th Annual Canadian Mineral Processors Conference,  January  23-25, 2007, Ottawa, Canada.

Lawrence, R.W. and Marchant, P.B.  Developments and new applications for biogenic sulphide reagent in hydrometallurgy and mineral processing. Proc. HydroProcess.  International Workshop on Process Metallurgy, Iquique, Chile, October 11-13, 2006.

Bratty, M., Kratochvil, D., Lawrence, R.W.  Applications of biological H2S production from elemental sulfur in the treatment of heavy metal pollution including acid rock drainage.  Proc. International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, SME Annual Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, March 27-29, 2006.

Jones, L., Bratty, M., Kratochvil, D., Lawrence, R.W. Biological Sulphide production for process and environmental applications.  38th Annual Canadian Mineral Processors Conference, 17-19 January 2006, Ottawa, Canada.

Lawrence, R.W., Kratochvil, D., Ramey, D.  A New Commercial Metal Recovery Technology Utilizing On-Site Biological H2S Production.  Hydrocopper 2005, Santiago, Chile, November 23-25, 2005.

Lawrence, R.W. Marchant, P.B. and Kratochvil, D.  Water Treatment Technology for Profitable Metal Recovery from Low Grade Leach Solutions and Acid Mine Drainage.  27th Convencion Minera, Instituto de Ingenieros de Minas del Peru, Arequipa, September 12-16, 2005.

Frostad, S,. Klein, B., Lawrence, R.W.  Determining the weathering characteristics of a waste dump with field tests.  Intl. J. of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 19 (2), June 2005, 132-143.

Kratochvil, D.  Lawrence, R.W. and Marchant, P.B.  Applications of biological H2S production from elemental sulfur in mining and hydrometallurgy.  ALTA  2005 Conference, Nickel/Cobalt & Copper 2005, Perth, Australia, May 16-20.

Bratty, M., Kratochvil, D., Lawrence, R.W. Biological sulphide production for dissolved nickel recovery in an environmental application.  Symposium 2005 on Mines and the Environment (MEND), Rouyn-Noranda, May 15-18, 2005.

Lawrence, R.W.  An overview of the Bisbee-BioteQ copper recovery project. Presented to Society of Mining Engineers of AIME, Cochise Branch, Bisbee, Arizona, October 22, 2003.

Lawrence, R.W., Kratochvil, D. and Marchant, P.B.  Copper recovery from acid mine drainage and metallurgical streams using biological reduction technology.  Copper 2003 - Cobre 2003, Santiago, Chile, November 30 – December 3, 2003.

Lawrence, R.W., Kratochvil, D., Bratty, M., and Marchant, P.B. Biological reduction technology to produce sulphide for the selective recovery of metals from acid wastewater - commercial case studies. International Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, Vancouver, Canada, August 24-27, 2003

Lawrence, R.W., Kratochvil, D. and Marchant, P.B.  Biological treatment of mine drainage for selective metal recovery and environmental control – commercial case studies.  13th Annual West Coast Conference on Contaminated Soil, Sediment and Water, San Diego, California, March 17-20, 2003

Lawrence, R.W., Kratochvil, D. and Marchant, P.B.  ARD treatment for selective metal recovery and environmental control using biological reduction technology – commercial case studies. 34th Annual Canadian Mineral Processors Conference, 21-23 January 2003, Ottawa, Canada.

Boonstra, J., Dijkman, H., Lawrence, R.W., Kratochvil, D. and J.N. Buisman, C.J.N.  Optimization of metallurgical processes using high rate biotechnology. Conference of Metallurgists, Canadian Inst .of Mining and Metallurgy, Montreal, August 11-14, 2002.

Boonstra, J., Dijkman, H., Lawrence, R.W. and Buisman, C.J.N.  Water treatment and metals recycling using biogenic sulfide. TMS Fall Extraction and Process Metallurgy Meeting: Recycling and Waste Treatment in Mineral and Metal Processing --Technical and Economic Aspects June 16-20, 2002, Lulea, Sweden.

Lawrence, R.W., Laboratory procedures for the prediction of long term weathering characteristics of mining wastes.   Proc. Symposium on Acid Mine Drainage; Annual Meeting Geological Assoc. Canada and Mineralogical Assoc. Canada, Vancouver, B.C., May 16-18, 1990.

Marchant, P.B., Chapman, J.C. and Lawrence, R.W.,  Pilot scale bio-reactor modelling study, Presented at RANDOL Gold Forum, Lake Tahoe, California, September 15-18 (1990).

Chapman, J.T., Marchant, P.B., Lawrence, R.W. , Knopp, R. and Kuipers, J.,  Bacterial leaching pilot study: oxidation of a refractory gold-bearing high arsenic sulphide concentrate. GOLD Tech 4, Reno, Nevada, September 10-12, 1990.

Marchant, P.B., Lawrence, R.W., Maree, J.P. and Dods, D.,  Sulphate removal from acidic mine effluent and waste streams and by-product elemental sulphur and carbonate production, 21st Annual Meeting of CIM, Quebec City, April 30 - May 3 (1989).

Lawrence, R.W., Poling, G.W., Ritcey. G.M. and Marchant, P.B.,  Assessment of prediction methods for the determination of acid mine drainage potential in mine tailings and waste rock,  Tailings and Effluent Management, Eds. M.E. Chalkley et al., Proc. Intl. Symp. Symposium, 28th Conference of Metallurgists, CIM, Halifax, August 20-24, 317-31 (1989).

Lawrence, R.W., Poling, G.W. and Ritcey, G.M.,  Strategies for the prediction of acid mine drainage. Proc. 13th Annual Mine Reclamation Symposium, June 7-9, Vernon, B.C., 52-67, 1989.

Austin, J.B. Chapman, J.T., Marchant, P.B. and Lawrence, R.W.,  Enhanced selectivity in the biooxidation of refractory sulphides using ultra fine grinding, Presented at Canadian Mineral Processors, Yukon and B.C. Branch Meeting, Vancouver, December 1 (1989).

Marchant, P.B., Lawrence, R.W., Chapman, J.T, Brooks, W.B. and Kuipers, J., Austin Gold Venture bioleaching: project summary.  21st Conf. Canadian Mineral Processors, Ottawa, Canada, Jan 17-20, 1989.

Marchant, P.B., Lawrence, R.W., Chapman, J.T,, Brooks, W.B. and Kuipers, J.,  Bioleaching at Austin Gold Venture as an alternative to smelting, Presented at AIME Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, 27 February - 2 March (1989).

Marchant, P.B. and Lawrence, R.W.,  Integrated biological processing of complex sulphides. Keynote Paper,   Proc. Biohydrometallurgy 89 Symposium, Jackson Hole, Wyoming, August 13-18, 205-220,  1989.

Marchant, P.B., Lawrence, R.W., Dods, D. and Maree, J.P.,  Integrated biological process for complex sulphides.  In: Processing of Complex Ores, Eds. G.S Dobby and S.R. Rao, Proc. Intl. Symposium, 28th Annual Conf. Metallurgists, CIM, Halifax, August 20-24, 461-77, 1989.

Marchant, P.B., Lawrence, R.W. and Dods, D.  1989,  Sulfate removal from mine effluents and waste streams and by-product elemental sulfur production.  Presented at CIM Annual Meting, Quebec City, May, 1989.

Lawrence, R.W. and Marchant, P.B.,  Biochemical pretreatment in arsenical gold ore processing, In: Arsenic Metallurgy  Fundamentals and Applications, R. Reddy, J.L. Hendrix and P.B. Queneau (Eds), TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 199-211 (1988).

Marchant, P.B. and Lawrence, R.W.,  Biohydrometallurgy: state of art and new advances, Keynote Paper, Randol Gold and Silver Forum 88, Scottsdale, Arizona, January 23-24 (1988).

Lawrence, R.W.,  Opportunities for enhanced recovery using bacteria.  Proc. Symposium on Heap Leaching in a Canadian Environment, Timmins, Ontario, May 24-26, 1988.

Kratochvil, D., Marchant, P.B., Lawrence, R.W.  BQE Water: Two Decades of Reshaping Mine Water Management.  In: Canadian Contributions to Mineral Processing Technology 1968-2018, ed. J. Nesset.  Canadian Mineral Processors, 2018.

Lawrence, R.W.  What’s next for biotechnology in mining?  Presented at the BC/Yukon Canadian Mineral Processors Annual Meeting, Vancouver, November 26, 2015.

Lawrence, R.W.  Genomics and mining.  Invited key-note speaker. Genomics Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment.  Génome Québec Symposium, Montreal, Québec, March 12, 2015.

Lawrence, R.W.  Opportunities for genomics for applications in the mining industry.  Invited speaker at the Genome BC Roundtable, held at the Association for Mineral Exploration British Columbia Roundup, Conference, Vancouver, BC, January 28, 2014.

Lawrence, R.W. and Marchant, P.B.,  Comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic oxidation systems for the treatment of refractory gold ores and concentrates, In: P.R. Norris and D.P. Kelly (Eds), Biohydrometallurgy, Kew: Science and Technology Letters, 359-374, 1988.

Blancarte Zurita, A., Branion, R.M.R. and Lawrence, R.W.,  Microbiological leaching of chalcopyrite concentrates by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. A comparative study of a conventional and a catalyzed process. In: Biohydrometallurgy 1987, P.R. Norris and D.P. Kelly (Eds), Science and Technology Letters, Kew, U.K. (1987).

Lawrence, R.W.,  The potential of thermophilic biohydrometallurgy for the treatment of refractory gold ores. Proc. BIOMINET 4th Annual Meeting, Sudbury, Ontario, Nov 3, 1987.

Lawrence, R.W. and Marchant, P.B., Environmental considerations in gold flowsheet development.   Proc. International Symposium on Gold Metallurgy, R.S. Salter, D.M. Wyslouzil and G.W. McDonald (Eds) Pergamon Press, New York, 201213, 1987.

Blancarte Zurita, A., Branion, R.M.R. and Lawrence, R.W.,  Application of a shrinking particle model to the kinetics of microbiological leaching,  In: Fundamental and Applied Biohydrometallurgy. Lawrence, R.W., Branion, R.M.R. and Ebner, H.G. (Eds), Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (1986).

Marchant, P.B. and Lawrence, R.W.,  Flowsheet design, process control and operating strategies in the biooxidation of refractory gold ores.  25th. Conf. of Metallurgists, CIM, Toronto, August 1720,  In: Proc. 3rd Annual Meeting of BIOMINET, R.G.L McCready (Ed), CANMET Special Pub. SP869, Ottawa, 3951, 1986

Lawrence, R.W., Vizsolyi, A. and Vos, R.J.,  The silver catalyzed bioleach process for copper concentrates.  In: Microbiological Effects On Metallurgical Processes, Haas, L. and Clum, J. (Eds), TMSAIME, New York, N.Y., 6582, 1985.

Lawrence, R.W. and Gunn, J.D.,  Biological preoxidation leaching of a pyritic gold concentrate.  In: Frontier Technology in Mineral Processing, Spisak J.F. and Jergensen, G.V. (Eds), Soc. Min. Eng. AIME, New York, N.Y., 1217, 1985.

Blancarte-Zurita, A., Branion, R.M.R. and Lawrence, R.W.,  Particle size effects in the microbiological leaching of sulphide concentrates by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Biotech. Bioeng. 28, 751755, (1985).

Lawrence, R.W.,  Biooxidation of refractory sulphide gold ores: principles and frontiers.  Keynote Paper, Forum 85, Gold and Silver Recovery, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1415 October, l985

Lawrence, R.W.,  Biological preoxidation leaching for refractory gold and silver.  Proc. 17th Canadian Mineral Processors Congress, Ottawa, January, 1985.

Blancarte Zurita, A., Branion, R.M.R., and Lawrence, R.W.,  The microbiological leaching of chalcopyrite concentrate by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.  34th Canadian Chemical Engineering Conference, Quebec City, Sept 30Oct 3, 1984.

Lawrence, R.W.,  Advances in biological leaching for metal recovery, CIM District 6 Meeting, Kamloops, B.C. Oct 24-26 (1984).

Lawrence, R.W. Vizsolyi, and Vos, R.J., Continuous bioleaching of copper concentrates, AIChE National Meeting, Atlanta March 11-15 (1984).

Lawrence, R.W. and Bruynesteyn, A.,  A new bioleach process for sulphidic gold ores.  Heap and Dump Leaching Practice Symposium, SMEAIME Fall Meeting, Salt Lake City, October, 1983

Bruynesteyn, A., Lawrence, R.W., Vizsolyi, A, Hackl, R.P.,  An elemental sulphur producing biohydrometallurgical process for treating sulphide concentrates.  In: Recent Progress in Biohydrometallurgy.  Eds. G. Rossi and A.E. Torma, Assoc. Mineraria Sarda, 09016 Inglesias, Italy, 151168, 1983.

Lawrence, R.W. and Bruynesteyn, A.,  Biological preoxidation to enhance gold and silver recovery from refractory pyritic ores and concentrates. CIM Bulletin, 76 (857), 107, 1983.

Lawrence, R.W., Bruynesteyn, A., and Hackl. R.P.,  Major sulphur producing processes for treating sulphide concentrates. 6th International Sulphur Conference, London, November, 1982.

Lawrence, R.W., Bruynesteyn, A., and Hackl. R.P., Recent developments in the bioleaching of sulphide concentrates.  28th Congress of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vancouver, August, 1981.

Lawrence, R.W.,  Biological treatment of heavy metal sulphide concentrates, CIM Annual Western Meeting, Edmonton, Alberta, October (1975).

Lawrence, R.W., Factors affecting the oxidation and response of heavy metal sulphides in bacterial leaching.  Proc. Conf. on Minerals and their Exploitation, University of Wales, Cardiff, May, 1974.